Director of health information management Case Study

Executive of wellbeing data the executives - Case Study Example This specific action is incredibly impacted by wellbeing arrangements that the first agreement understanding is typically influenced. For example, the issue on the expense of copying wellbeing data has been incredibly changed by these arrangements and assembly made to shape this movement. In the making of these laws, all administration branches have noteworthy tasks to carry out. In any case, the official and the legal executive convey the most critical obligation in the production of this top. The official has the obligation of making the first structure of the top (Johns, 2000). From these arrangements, all wellbeing units are furnished with explicit guidelines under which to work. The official will likewise have the duty of exploring and concocting the best proposals to make these approaches (LaTour, 2006). Then again, the legal executive has the duty of guaranteeing that the laws made by the official are clung to. It is additionally under the ward of the court to deal with any changes to the made approaches. With the noteworthy force the courts have, the completely usage of these laws are extraordinarily affected by the exhibition on the legal executive framework on this specific case (LaTour, 2006). All associations are required by the law to cling to the arrangements of the law. Be that as it may, on the off chance that the association is discontent with the determinations of this approach, at that point it might utilize the legal executive to change the combative provisions. Short the assistance and thought of the legal executive framework wellbeing association may have less huge task to carry out in the formation of this specific enactment (Fuller and Callahan,

Biology Molecule essays

Science Molecule expositions - man is high 50s to 60% water - dissemination in body isolated into 3 compartments: 2) intercellular/interstitial liquid - 11 liters - 80% - waters properties result from its structure and sub-atomic associations - polar covalent bonds and unbalanced shape give it inverse charges on - electrons invest more energy around O giving H a slight positive charge - hydrogen bonds structure between the oxygen of one particle and the - attachment: substance being held together by hydrogen bonds - hydrogen bonds are transient yet enough is constantly held together to give water more structure than practically some other fluid - globules and meniscus shaped by union (likewise helps upward vehicle of - attachment neutralizes descending draw of gravity - water has more noteworthy surface pressure than most fluids - surface particles are hydrogen clung to atoms underneath and around - surface strain can prevent life (for example beading in the alveoli of lungs) - makes water unwettable - surfactants used to balance this - water has a high explicit warmth which permits it to oppose extraordinary temperature - has a high warmth of vaporization that makes it require alot of vitality to - when perspiring, heat vitality is used to change states from fluid to gas, - as a strong water is less thick than as a fluid and will drift - charged districts of atoms have an electrical appreciation for charged particles - water encompasses particles isolating and protecting them from each other - polar mixes are commonly solvent - charged locales of water are pulled in to oppositely charged districts of - polar particles are miscible in other polar fluids - most water particles dont separate (~ 1/554 million do) - hydrogen particle in hydrogen bond between the two water atoms may move from the oxygen particle it is covalently clung to the unshared orbitals of the oxygen that it is hydrogen attached to - hydrogen particle is moved making a hydronium io... <!

Ativan (Lorazepam) for Panic Disorder and Anxiety

Ativan (Lorazepam) for Panic Disorder and Anxiety June 20, 2019 More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Ativan (lorazepam) is a common medication used for the treatment of panic disorder and other anxiety conditions. Its a type of benzodiazepine, a class of medications sometimes referred to as sedatives or tranquilizers due to their calming and relaxing effect on the body.?? Other common benzodiazepines include Xanax (alprazolam), Klonopin (clonazepam), and Valium (diazepam).   While Ativan is most frequently used to treat generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, its often prescribed to treat other illnesses, despite not being approved for them by the Food and Drug Administration (aka an off-label use). For instance, some doctors prescribe Ativan for bipolar disorder, alcohol withdrawal, to prevent nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, and for insomnia.?? Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell How Ativan Treats Panic Disorder Neurotransmitters in the brain, known as gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA), are partly responsible for regulating sleep and feelings of relaxation and anxiety. Ativan acts on these receptors to slow down the central nervous system (CNS).?? This reduces excess agitation and excitement in the brain, inducing a calming and relaxing effect. By depressing the CNS, Ativan is also able to lessen the intensity of anxiety and panic attacks. Ativan works quickly, making it an effective solution to temporarily managing panic symptoms.  The drug enters your system relatively rapidly and lasts a few hours.?? This means that Ativan may need to be taken a few times a day to control anxiety and other symptoms. For some, Ativan will need to be taken for several weeks before experiencing the benefits. Side Effects of Ativan Some of the most common side effects of Ativan include:?? DrowsinessDry mouthHeadacheNauseaLoss of interest in sexConstipationHeartburnDizziness and lightheadednessLack of coordination or unsteadinessBlurred vision If these side effects continue or increase in severity, contact your doctor. Some serious side effects are also possible if you take Ativan. These include mental and mood changes, hallucinations, thoughts of suicide, difficulty walking, and breathing issues. If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor right away. Ativan and Addiction Like all benzodiazepines, Ativan is classified as a controlled substance, which means its possession and use is regulated by the government. Ativan has the potential to be abused, leading to physical or psychological dependence. Typical withdrawal symptoms include sleep disturbances, irritability, increased nervousness, and muscle cramps.?? Your doctor will likely discuss strategies to minimize the risk of addiction. Never attempt to stop your medication on your own. Should you decide to discontinue your prescription, your prescribing doctor will assist you in gradually decreasing your dosage. Additional Precautions Caution should be taken if you have a history of certain medical conditions.?? Before taking Ativan, consult your doctor if youve been diagnosed with these or any other medical condition: GlaucomaLung diseaseSleep apneaLiver diseaseDrug or alcohol addictionDepression Drug Interactions: Ativan depresses the central nervous system (CNS).?? Alcohol and certain medications that have a similar effect on the CNS should be avoided. Make certain that your doctor is up to date on all of your current prescription and over-the-counter medications. Drowsiness and Dizziness: Feeling tired and lightheaded are common side effects of Ativan.?? Until you are used to how this medication affects you, caution should be taken while driving or performing other tasks that require your full attention and concentration. Pregnancy and Nursing: It is possible for Ativan to be passed to a child during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.?? Talk to your doctor about the risk of using Ativan while pregnant or nursing. Older Adults: The side effects of Ativan are often more noticeable in older adults. To limit these effects, your doctor may need to adjust your dosage. This information is intended to provide a general overview of the use of Ativan for panic disorder. Any questions or concerns you may have about your prescription should be addressed with your doctor or pharmacist.

Ativan (Lorazepam) for Panic Disorder and Anxiety

Ativan (Lorazepam) for Panic Disorder and Anxiety June 20, 2019 More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Ativan (lorazepam) is a common medication used for the treatment of panic disorder and other anxiety conditions. Its a type of benzodiazepine, a class of medications sometimes referred to as sedatives or tranquilizers due to their calming and relaxing effect on the body.?? Other common benzodiazepines include Xanax (alprazolam), Klonopin (clonazepam), and Valium (diazepam).   While Ativan is most frequently used to treat generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, its often prescribed to treat other illnesses, despite not being approved for them by the Food and Drug Administration (aka an off-label use). For instance, some doctors prescribe Ativan for bipolar disorder, alcohol withdrawal, to prevent nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, and for insomnia.?? Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell How Ativan Treats Panic Disorder Neurotransmitters in the brain, known as gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA), are partly responsible for regulating sleep and feelings of relaxation and anxiety. Ativan acts on these receptors to slow down the central nervous system (CNS).?? This reduces excess agitation and excitement in the brain, inducing a calming and relaxing effect. By depressing the CNS, Ativan is also able to lessen the intensity of anxiety and panic attacks. Ativan works quickly, making it an effective solution to temporarily managing panic symptoms.  The drug enters your system relatively rapidly and lasts a few hours.?? This means that Ativan may need to be taken a few times a day to control anxiety and other symptoms. For some, Ativan will need to be taken for several weeks before experiencing the benefits. Side Effects of Ativan Some of the most common side effects of Ativan include:?? DrowsinessDry mouthHeadacheNauseaLoss of interest in sexConstipationHeartburnDizziness and lightheadednessLack of coordination or unsteadinessBlurred vision If these side effects continue or increase in severity, contact your doctor. Some serious side effects are also possible if you take Ativan. These include mental and mood changes, hallucinations, thoughts of suicide, difficulty walking, and breathing issues. If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor right away. Ativan and Addiction Like all benzodiazepines, Ativan is classified as a controlled substance, which means its possession and use is regulated by the government. Ativan has the potential to be abused, leading to physical or psychological dependence. Typical withdrawal symptoms include sleep disturbances, irritability, increased nervousness, and muscle cramps.?? Your doctor will likely discuss strategies to minimize the risk of addiction. Never attempt to stop your medication on your own. Should you decide to discontinue your prescription, your prescribing doctor will assist you in gradually decreasing your dosage. Additional Precautions Caution should be taken if you have a history of certain medical conditions.?? Before taking Ativan, consult your doctor if youve been diagnosed with these or any other medical condition: GlaucomaLung diseaseSleep apneaLiver diseaseDrug or alcohol addictionDepression Drug Interactions: Ativan depresses the central nervous system (CNS).?? Alcohol and certain medications that have a similar effect on the CNS should be avoided. Make certain that your doctor is up to date on all of your current prescription and over-the-counter medications. Drowsiness and Dizziness: Feeling tired and lightheaded are common side effects of Ativan.?? Until you are used to how this medication affects you, caution should be taken while driving or performing other tasks that require your full attention and concentration. Pregnancy and Nursing: It is possible for Ativan to be passed to a child during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.?? Talk to your doctor about the risk of using Ativan while pregnant or nursing. Older Adults: The side effects of Ativan are often more noticeable in older adults. To limit these effects, your doctor may need to adjust your dosage. This information is intended to provide a general overview of the use of Ativan for panic disorder. Any questions or concerns you may have about your prescription should be addressed with your doctor or pharmacist.

The Expansion Of The Westward Expansion - 904 Words

There are many actions that led to the westward expansion. Most of the actions resulted in conflicts which led to harsh consequences. Despite Texas being an independent nation, conflict still arose over the rightful owner of the land. Some of the main causes for westward expansion was land, war, power and the most important was freedom. During the 1840’s west of the Unites States had an abundance of scarcely inhabited land. The thought of cheap land, room for families to grow, and business opportunity lead to, hundreds of happy millions, calling, owning no master, but governed by God s natural and moral law of equity, heading west. Americans found out about this land opportunity through the invitation of the Mexicans which is very important on how expansion occurred. Freedom was a huge driving force in the westward expansion. American immigrants not only came looking for land but they also wanted, individual freedom of universal enfranchisement, along with freedom of conscienc e, freedom of person, freedom of trade, and business pursuits, universality of freedom, and equality. Power was another driving force, when the American’s eventually take over the western part it then opens up the expansion of the United Sates. The Mexicans were not going to let this land go easily which led to several conflicts between the United States and Mexico, and most importantly conflicts between the Americans themselves. O Sullivan makes a point that is very true, he says, If TexasShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Westward Expansion715 Words   |  3 PagesWestward expansion was a time of successes and failures, a time celebrations and grief, a time full of life and death but in the end it shaped how America is the way is today. Westward expansion was put in action because of the belief of Manifest Destiny, the belief that it is America fate to expand from the Atlantic to Pacific ocean. The economical, political and humanitarians impacts were necessary to achieve the goa l of manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion. Westward Expansion had the biggestRead MoreEssay Westward Expansion639 Words   |  3 PagesWestward  Expansion   During  the  1800’s,  American  citizens  packed  up  and  headed  West  to  the  new  unknown   land  of  the  United  States  of  America.  Western  expansion  was  a  great  part  of  the  growth  of  the   United  States  because  it  gave  Americans  new  land  to  settle,  expanded  its  economy,  and  made  the   United  States  a  world  power.  The  desire  to  expand  was  described  by  newspaper  editor  John   O’Sullivan  who  wrote,  it  is  America’s  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Manifest  Destiny  to  overspread  and  to  possess  the  whole   of  the  continent†.   First  of  allRead MoreImpact Of Westward Expansion1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe late 1800’s were a booming time for the United States. Reconstruction had ended and Westward Expansion was on the rise. People from all over the U.S. were moving west and claiming land and many groups from across the world made their way to the United States to find new opportunity and to escape oppression. This led to a huge growth in diversity in the United State and helped make a major impact on what we consider to be the modern united states. Everything from the economy to social groups wereRead MoreThe Rise Of Westward Expansion897 Words   |  4 PagesManifest Destiny also fueled the westward expansion. Manifest Destiny, or the idea that Americans were given the right and duty to spread over the continent of North America and advocate for democracy by God made the idea of American conquest of western territory seemed honorable. This idea of American supremacy, rooted in the phrase â₠¬Å"Manifest Destiny,† together with Americans’ economic incentives to gain more wealth, territory, and resources propelled the westward expansion, and thus, increasing the powersRead MoreEssay on Westward Expansion781 Words   |  4 Pages Book Review – Westward Expansion 1807 - 1880 THESIS: After the War of 1812 much of Americas attention turned to exploration and settlement of its territory to the West, which had been greatly enlarged by the Louisiana Purchase. SUMMARY: Families of pioneers swept westward and founded new communities throughout what is now the Midwest, and between 1816 and 1821, six new states were admitted to the Union. The land boom was fed by encouragement from the federal government and the actions of landRead More Westward Expansion Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pages WESTWARD EXPANSION The movement of people that has resulted in the settlement of America is one of the most fascinating and significant topics in the history of the United States. Nowhere else has an area of equal size been settled as a result of the initiative of small groups and individuals. Westward expansion helped stimulate the American economy. The first organized migration to California originated in Platte County, on the far western frontier of Missouri. Reports described CaliforniaRead MoreThe Westward Expansion Of The United States960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Westward expansion began for the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. For $15 million dollars, President Thomas Jefferson purchased from France 828,000 square miles, including most of 14 current states, thus doubling the size of America. Jefferson now had the land, but how to populate it was another story. On a three year expedition, Lewis and Clark were sent by Jefferson to explore the lands to get a better understanding of the geography and resources of the West. During the 1830sRead MoreThe Westward Expansion Of The United States1144 Words   |  5 Pagesconstant branching and expansion.† That quote, once said by Stephen Jay Gould, can represent the Westward Expansion of the United States. In the early 1800s, the United States started tryin g to expand west. The U.S. acquired Florida, Texas, the Gadsden Territory, the Mexican Cession, the Oregon Territory, and the Louisiana Territory. All of those acquisitions helped evolve the United States into what it is today. Almost all of the land we own is from the Westward Expansion. Unfortunately, the UnitedRead MoreWestward Expansion in America in the 1800s1547 Words   |  7 Pagesachieved, people have to realize the process they had to do to achieve it, which was stepping on other people to get there. Westward expansion was the greatest method to achieve the grouping of the natural resources found and use them as needed. To gain access to the western part of the country the white settlers had to pass through the Native Americans. While pushing westward the white culture clashed with the plain indians and their culture. As a result of this clash bloody battles surged and theRead MoreThe Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansion2707 Words   |  11 PagesThe Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansion Thesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion in the United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800 s, the railroad, which was invented in England, had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. Railroads were born in England, a country with dense populations

Pay-for-Performance and Reimbursement - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1598 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Health Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Pay-for-performance and Reimbursement are the important component of all healthcare organizations. Devoid of flow of money into the system of health care, it is tough to pay for the individuals offered services. Client has to shell out for the services of health care used by them. System of Health care is increasing on a quicker pace than the United States economy. The diverse reasons are proliferation of technology, new medicines in business, and advancements in devices, research studies, and novel procedures. Conversely, there are extensive concerns regarding the medical mistakes, incoherent eminence in health care services, raise in cost, and public knowledge regarding the health care services in the course of Medias, lead to the pay-for-performance movement. This materialized as a program of cost containment. System of Health care is endeavoring to offer efficiency, quality, transparency and accountability, in health care services in the course of the growth o f pay-for-performance movement (Henley, 2005). Pay-for-performance is referred to as program of financial incentive that pay a additional benefit to the partaker of services for instance hospitals, physicians, physician groups, or groups of health plan who accomplish a standard in efficiency, quality, responsibility in patient care and health care services. This is described as the program of pay-for-performance. This program offers high credit additional benefit for preventive care services. As the term indicates, pay-for performance is the high quality for services of health care for the money compensated by patients. It is an expression extensively used and utilized more and more throughout the execution of Affordable care Act. This plan offers incentives to the providers of health care to decrease the avoidable health care cost, and enhanced eminence of services. The additional names utilized for pay for performance comprises knowledge and skill based pay, merit pay, or group or individual incentive pays. Pay-for-Performance and Reimbursement Medicare offered a new financial model which aids to enhance the efficiency and quality with sufficient reimbursement for the doctors. The physician has no choice since of the increasing health care cost at a record speed and the quality of care remaining the same, an innovative system offered in which the medical doctor obtains rewarded for the quality of health care services he offers. Pay-for- performance nationally is a important plan in which the physicians group, hospitals, physicians, and providers of health plan are getting occupied into this movement ever since two decades. The reimbursement of money is based on more than a few measures. This comprises à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“process measuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  founded on clinical quality and patient care improvement. The subsequently stride is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“outcome measuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  that offer information on how health care is influenced by patients. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Structural measuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  review the long-term training, the organizational structure of delivered care and the health care services provider certification. An additional significant measure is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“patient experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  measure, in which the satisfaction of patients in the direction of care delivered gets assessed. Significant utilization of technology of health information is a prominence of program of pay-for-performance in which practice of evidence based, conveys changes in executing patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s health care. Quality Incentive Program reimburses bonus for the medical groups who carry out at or over 75th percentile on one or five of the measures of clinical quality, from the previous year. This incentive acquires paid on a basis of quarterly (Purcell. 2005). Pay-for-performance stoutly supposes that reimbursement can source a change in healthcare providerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s quality of care and behavior. A payment of bonus founded on a fraction of all delivered care by the provider acquires promoted. The payment of bonus for each patient for all services with a measure pre-determined provides the quality of care. A fraction of cost savings attained in relation to what cost would have been with high eminence of care. These are the diverse reimbursement sections in the program of pay-for-performance (Mayes Walradt 2011). Impact on Quality and Efficiency Impact on the efficiency and quality of care is computed in expressions of clinical objective and non-clinical objectives measures. The clinical objective is measured in expressions of the short term goals, process of care, transitional outcomes, and long-term objectives. Clinical goals offer improved accountability, and excellence of care when evaluated to the performance of provider. The eminence of care comprises decrease of medication mistakes, underuse and overuse of resources, and as well lessen inefficiencies and waste in the heal th care system. Appropriate precautionary health care service endorses patients health, decreases on the whole cost of care, and endorses positive admission to health care. The non-clinical objectives assist to enhance the effectiveness in health care services comprises increased access to health care services, electronic health records, and patient satisfaction. Employ of information technology helps in precise collection of data and reasonable reporting with methodically sound measures for instance evidence based practice. Electronic health records assist to access clinical outcomes online that averts replication of tests and enhances communication amid professionals of health care. Satisfaction of Patient survey provides information for potential development (Henley, 2005). Impact on Providers and Customers Pay for performance is an important administrative respite for the providers from the bureaucratic obstructions to treatment. With elevated performance in patient care, and the utilization of the wide release of information in the course of information technology, the eminence of care for clients acquires to be ensured. The consumers are capable to access the providerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information, and regarding the eminence of services provided. Providers are capable to provide quality care with the employ of uniform measures, and recommendations for patient safety. A bonus payment for the provided services is extra savings for the health care providers. Chronic care Reimbursement and healthcare management for clients will offer hospital and physicians, with a minute amount of payments. The rewards of non-financial comprise helping patient to design and network providers which can compel the business with a high performing providers group. Additional status includes improved patient volume, recognition in community, and reputation role in the midst of the high performing providers. And also Compliance on quality, safety, and conformity with the u tilization of evidence based practices is an additional advantage for provider from the organizations of regulatory. Global changes in result measures for instance preventable hospitalizations, readmissions of inpatient, and decrease in the visits to emergency room. The satisfaction of customer improved with quality of care, decrease in cost and customer association in care. This program promotes patient-physician connection, self-management, stress on preventive features of care, and a variety of programs of support group for chronic clients. Public reporting allows customers to acquire information on the high performing healthcare providers and finest established practices (Geoffrey, 2003). For customers by executing pay-for-performance, the improved clinical outcome measure will be the concluding results. Effects of Pay-for-performance and Future The pay for performance requires research data to sustain advancement in the quality of care and also its potential benefits. If quality turn out to be the vital for the financial success, providers will move additional resources to the improvement of quality in a setting of health care. An additional challenge is in the direction of measuring the quality of physicianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s practice, for which quantitative and qualitative data is required to recognize their standards and methods of delivered care. Originally the pay for performance was instituted to reduce the cost of health care at the present the spotlight is in the direction of the quality. Simply one third of the study reveals savings in cost. As regards 90 percent of the score comprises the performance of adequacy and access measures. Merely 10 percentages is on national safety measures in which the data is manually entered. Future spotlight should be made on the reduction of cost by enhanced quality of care with novel measures, and new levels to measure. Pay for performance must drive forward into an age of value-based purchasing (Bhat Bha t 2012). In pay for performance the diverse areas of improvements comprise performance management in which the objectives must be reinforced, advance feedback and education for appraisal and development, and hold managers responsible for the outcomes and budget. I also includes placing goals and determining progress amid rewards and results. Center for Medicare and medical services must provide rules on the procedures and timeliness for a longer stay in hospital when waiting for admission. Lastly, information and education is the vital for the success of any program. No one can manage an innovative program devoid of employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information and support. Encourage employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ participation in safety, quality, and performance improvement (A compelling case for a robust pay-for-performance future, 2004). Financial incentive simply is inadequate to compel hospitals in the direction of pay-for-performance program. To be thriving Center for Medicare an d Medicaid Services (CMS) must offer tools to health care providers, hospitals, and physicians on cost, quality, and operating costs. By carrying out research on a series of outcomes, assists to sort the associated trade-off with performance connected pay. On the other hand strong nursing care with education on precautionary features will fetch change in delivered quality of care which offers a smooth evolution towards program of pay-for-performance (Baker, 2003). Reference IOMAs Pay for Performance Report, (2004) A compelling case for a robust pay-for-performance future 04(11), 5 Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/230540767?accountid=458. G. Baker, (2003). Pay for Performance Incentive Programs in Health Care. Retrieved from https://www.leapfroggroup.org P., Bhat, J. Bhat, (2012). Tackling pay-for-performance: current and future challenges. Nephrology News Issues, 26(1), 27-29. E.Henley (2005). Pay-for-performance: What can you expect? Journal of Family Practice, 54(7). R., Mayes, J. Walradt, (2011). Pay-for-performance reimbursement in health care: Chasing cost control and increased quality through new and improved payment incentives. Health Law Review, 19(2), 39-43. F. Purcell, (2005). What is pay for performance? AANA Journal, 59(5), 15-17. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pay-for-Performance and Reimbursement" essay for you Create order

The History of Utilitarianism - 1054 Words

Fudging records and misstating corporate revenue to management, shareholder, and the IRS is unlawful activity. Therefore, Alex in this case scenario must abide by the law and take the right action that is in accordance to the law. The ethical implications of this case the consequences of doing what it right to those who are involved in the scenario. This paper is going to analyze the theories of virtue ethicist, act utilitarianism, and Kant’s duty ethicists based on the given scenario for this case, and assume what a person representing these theories would recommend Alex as the right thing to do. Also inspect their justification process including some of the strength and weakness of each philosophical view. In addition, clarify my†¦show more content†¦Thirdly, let’s take a look at the definition of Kant’s duty ethicist and what an individual representing this theory may recommend as the right thing to do for this scenario. According to the Stanfo rd Encyclopedia of Philosophy, â€Å"Kant holds that the fundamental principle of our moral duties is a categorical imperative†¦. It is categorical in virtue of applying to us unconditionally, or simply because we possesses rational wills, without reference to any ends that we might or might not have (Johnson, Robert P.1).† According to Kant the good will is something that in inherently good and that the will is found in humans which is the power of rational moral choice. Therefore, a will is good only when act out of duty free from inclinations. In order for individuals to act of duty, one must know what moral law is and they can use categorical imperative formulation â€Å"act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.† Based on these explanations, an individual representing Kant’s duty ethics may recommend Alex to examine his intentions using CI formulation. In this scenario, the re is a law involved and by applying CI formulation and the two tests, the action he has to take is to abide by the law because any other action is not going fit to be universal law. Lastly, my stance for whatShow MoreRelatedThe History Of Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill ( 1806-1873 ) Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesAct utilitarianism is a theory of ethics which will state that a person s act is as morally right if and only if it produces at least as much happiness as any other act that the person would perform at that particular time. To understand how an act utilitarianism works, you have to compare the consequences for example if you decided to watch television all day tomorrow to the consequences of your doing some sort of charity work instead. You could produce more overall happiness in the world by doingRead MoreWhat Utilitarianism Is By Giving An Insight Into The History Behind The Theory2097 Words   |  9 Pagesin depth analysis of what utilitarianism is by giving an insight into the history behind the theory and through the us of theoretical examples on both the positive and negative connotations involved with this particular philosophical theory befo re making a well informed conclusion on the topic, the hopes of this essay is educate on the topic of utilitarianism, showing strengths and weaknesses involved with this theory. To answer the question posed of what is utilitarianism first the origin of thisRead MoreUtilitarianism : Theory And Contemporary Issues1350 Words   |  6 Pagesof utilitarianism provides a solution to this but at what cost? What are the benefits and disadvantages of utilitarianism? Is utilitarianism an idea one should live by? What is utilitarianism? I plan on answering these questions within this paper and understand how they relate to everyday life. I will also look at arguments for and against utilitarianism. Then analyze the appealing and unappealing features to determine if utilitarianism should be followed as an absolute rule. Utilitarianism canRead MoreEthics Vs. Kantian Ethics1249 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history different philosophical ideas and concepts developed in search for answers to universal questions. Beyond answers, philosophers explored schools of thought that would best govern human decision making. Two prominent ethical theories that arose were utilitarianism and deontological ethics. Both ethical theories developed to establish and justify a set of different moral rules and principles. Utilitarianism, otherwise known as consequentialism, is an ethical theory that sees theRead MoreUtilitarianism : An Ethical Theory Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism Utilitarianism is one of the most powerful and persuasive approaches to normative ethics in the history of philosophy. Even though It was not fully articulated until the 19th century, proto-Utilitarian positions can be recognized and discerned throughout the history of ethical theory. (Driver, Julia. â€Å"The History of Utilitarianism.† Stanford University. Stanford University, 2009. Web. 01 Oct. 2016). Utilitarianism is an Ethical Theory that was a result of combining aspects of ConsequentialismRead MoreUtilitarianism Is Quite An Idealistic And Western Form1002 Words   |  5 PagesUtilitarianism is quite an idealistic and western form of thought. Many schools of thought such as socialism, democracy, and others aspire to contain aspects of it; A society is which the government is for the greatest number of people. However, sustaining a society of this nature is quite difficult as attempts in the past either failed or are half-baked representations. In an essay, Utilitari anism, written by John Stuart Mill, he explains his own expansion and edit of Jeremy Bentham’s ideas of UtilitarianismRead MoreUtilitarianism Essays : The Happiest And Pleasure Of The Most People Not Included The Personal Happiness1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe unsound of utilitarianism The utilitarianism theory is described as the happiest and pleasure of the most people not included the personal happiness. Jeremy Bentham believes there were two masters in this world that are pleasure and pain. On utilitarianism, we should reject pain and found a way to make more people happy no matter what the outcome. Utilitarianism is unsound because of events in history, life conflict, and animal cruelty that occurs in our everyday. All thru history, it has shownRead MoreUtilitarianism Vs. Utilitarianism Theory909 Words   |  4 Pages In the history of philosophy Utilitarianism has been viewed as one of the best of the moral theories. It has become one the most powerful, influential, and most persuasive approach to normative ethics. The utilitarianism theory also has had a major impacts on approaches to economic, political, and social policy. The utilitarianism theory had originally had been created by Jeremy Bentham. His version of was that aggregate pleasure after deducting suffering of all involved in any action. HoweverRead MoreEthical Implications of a Confidentiality Breach Within the Healthcare Industry1380 Words   |  6 Pagesdoing so is in the best interest of the patient (Nathanson, 2000) the preservation of which is the principle responsibility of a health care professional. One of the most eminent ethical principles that supports the aforementioned viewpoint is utilitarianism. This ethical philosophy was largely popularized by the likes of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill in the 19th century (Driver, 2009). The dominant concept in this theory is that there are not absolute values in ethics. Utilitarian theoristsRead MoreJeremy Bentham And Utilitarianism1461 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish philosophy (1748-1632) who challenged the idea of the Social Contract theory, which states that the people create a social contract to agree to form of government. Bentham opposed the idea of natural rights and followed the idea of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the idea that political and moral decision should not be based on natural rights, but based on which choice produces the â€Å"greatest good for the greatest number†. For an example, this principle explains whether a student should start

Managing Teams and People Human Resource

Question: Discuss about the Managing Teams and People for Human Resource. Answer: Introduction The report is based on improving knowledge and skills in the field of strategic human resources management, motivation and performance management, organizational design, organizational behavior and culture and ethics. The selected company for the report is MiningCo, which is operating in the range of isolated location with the fly-in and fly-out staff from rotation. As HR executive of the company the decision has to be given based on the interrelated scenarios of the company. The first case is based on introducing performance management for motivating staff of the given location and how the initiative will be proposed for moving forward with the decision. In the second case, the issue is with the isolated location which is operating as a single entity, and there is very less staff rotation among them. Due to the economic crisis and rising impact of ISIS presence in the Middle East, some the executive were living the onsite location. So, by that recommendations need to be given to the board for the hysteria caused. In the third case a selection criteria, structure, and format and, functions need to be discussed for rewarding the team of the crisis management under for managing the team of gaping emerges in the individual site. Finally on the overall basis a recommendation and conclusion need to be given. Discussion HR Managers are the one who is directly responsible for getting interacted with the employees working in the organization. So, for motivating the staff of the location, there are has to be a design of a perfect plan for performance appraisal plan for the staff of the company (Stahl et al., 2012). Performance management system is defined as a process by which managers and employers can access of track the performance and contribution in the development of the company. There is various impact of performance management among them some of them are as follows: Sometimes managers of the company are getting engrossed in their work so much that they failed to get interaction with the staff, for getting feedback and opportunity related to the work (Budhwar Debrah,2013). Each and every employee is in a phase of development, and it is very much necessary or the responsibility of the company to prepare them for the upcoming opportunity coming to the coming. Performance appraisal should be celebrated as a wonderful event for the employee in the course of work. This will help in encouraging the staff. One of the most effective tricks to positive appraisal is gently correcting the undesired behavior of the employees (Ball et al.,2012). Increase the bonus and rewards for the performance. This will be building direct correlation among the performance and financial rewards of the employee, it will also help in motivating and encouraging the employees for performing at top levels. With the help of performance management the company will be able to identify the under-performers. This will help in completely eliminating the under-performers and allowing in a smooth transition of the company operation (Bratton Gold,2012). A documented history of employee performance needs to be maintained. This document will help the company in keeping track of the performance as well as development journey of the employee (Snell et al., 2015). The motivated and encouraged employee will always think of the growth of the company. An effective performance management system will help in achieving a goal of the manager as well as of the employee. A good manager is always taking pride in watching the growth and development of his professionals Performance management will help in overall improvement of the companys performance as well as employees management for ensuring management system for playing a crucial role in the performance of the management (Griffin Pustay,2012). The employees need to understand the importance of contribution in fulfilling the goals and objective of the company. Performance management understands the expectations of each and every employee and equally ascertaining required skills for fulfilling the objectives of the organizations. Performance management will be facilitating a cordial and harmonious relationship among the individual employee and line manager by empowerment and trust. Performance management will help in aligning and linking the goals and facilitating an effective communication all throughout the organization (Nel et al.,2014). An effective implementation of performance management system will have number of advantages for the company, managers, and employees which will be depicted in the given table: Companys Benefit Development in the performance of the company, loyalty, and retention in employee, improvement in the productivity, communication barriers needs to overcome, advantage in cost and clear accountability (Jiang et al.,2012). Managers Benefit Decreases conflicts and saves time as well as ensures consistency in the performance and maintains efficiency. Employees Benefit The expectation of the employee gets clarified, job accountability will be clarifying the self-assessment opportunity and contribution for improving the performance, promotes the satisfaction of job and clearly explains the career path After clearly defining the goals, regular assessment of the performance of the company will help in fulfilling the corporate competencies and major skill gap in the development of the company. Performance management plays a huge role in the growth of the company. It will be clearly establishing a performance expectation which will involve the actions, result, and behavior. It will be helping the employees in getting an exact expectation of the jobs and will set standards which will be eliminating those jobs which are no longer in use. Regular coaching and feedback will be providing an advantage for diagnosing the issues at an initial stage, and a corrective action should be taken accordingly (Mathis et al.,2016). Case Two: Due to the economic crises in the Greece and presence of ISIS in the Middle East, there are some consequences which have occurred. But among them, one of the major effects that company is facing is the senior executives of the company are leaving the onsite. So for preventing it there are number of ways which are given below: The competitive package needs to be offered A proper research needs to before finalize the pay package for a particular job and role with relevant experience. Calculation of the salary should be done on a relevant level of competitiveness. Excluding the portion basic salary, the benefits package should have other benefits and rewards like life insurance, retirement saving plans, health insurance and leave policy. These benefits will be motivating the employee for willingly taking initiative in looking forward to other need and wants of the employee (Berman et al.,2015). Offering more challenging task High level performer will not want to limit the skills and knowledge in the entry level as well as day to day work. An easy task will make them realize that they are not utilizing their exact knowledge in the task. Instead of giving easy and less burden task given them tough, challenging and highly engaging task, which will also help them in going to higher level. This will be helping the employees in getting connected to the goals of the organization. When employees are capable of meeting the target and deadline, this will be making sense of flexibility and freedom and he will be feeling valuable for the company. Healthy work culture Each and every employee looks for better opportunity. If the company wants to keep the employee in the company, then he should be given new duties and responsibility and should be trained for equally performing in all the areas and department of the company. Regular meetings should take place between senior executives and other higher authority for having an open communication. An environment of freedom should be created, so that executive will be free to raise any issue inside the organization and can work feely (Hendry,2012). Stay interviews needs to be replaced by exit interviews to understand the reason of employees leaving the organization a stay interview needs to be conducted with the existing employees for understanding the ways of staying committed to the company. Executives should be asked ways to improve the workplace; any growth is occurring or not, a reason for leaving the company. After getting answers to the question, an analysis can be drawn on the areas of improvement and attention will be given to the top talent. Convey the expectation The company expectation needs to be laid forward for making them feel connected to the goal of the company. A clear and concise work policy will be keeping executive confident and satisfied with his performance. Communication is very important to keep the morale of the employee high (Dunning,2012). Skilled executive to keep the best employee in the team, mangers should show platform for getting promotion and achieve their personal goal. As a leader, a manager should support the growth of the employees; the training program should be arranged and engage them in social networking. Performance management is one of the key components in the growth of the company, and moreover senior executive are the heads for managing the organization in a smooth way. Senior executives are the important person to complete the process of P L. P L responsibility involves a process for monitoring assessing the income of the company (Oke,2016). In an organization, there is target which will be commonly referred to as the market. For running the company, one must be able to manage his duties and responsibilities for running the company. Most of the time executives become one of the major media for communicating with the customers of the company. Customers are the end user, whom the company is serving so they should be satisfied with their point. A senior executive is the contacting person with the customers and making a connection with the company. Senior executive helps the company in managing account ownership issues of the company. If an executive of accounts has failed to get approval from the account plan, his ownership will be getting forfeited to the other members in the same line. Each and every management decision will be getting affected by the decision of the senior executive. Navigation of the political landscape is the common role of the senior executive in the accounts. On an overall basis, it can be said that senior executives are the one who should be treated with the highest priority. A senior executive is a root of an organization. Figure 1 Method of Performance Management Source: (Bennett Ho,2014). Case Three: Selection criteria for managing and recruiting the team during the crisis management will be based on the three aspects of the individual which is a qualification, skills, and experience. All this section characteristic is described in detail are given as follows: Skills Few positions needs a very limited amount of skills, which do not need time to acquire. It depends on upon the nature of the industry and the organization working with the skills are required accordingly (Whetzel Wheaton,2016). The given company for the case study is MiningCo so, according to the company the candidate getting hired should have all the skills necessary in the mining company. They should all features required in the professions of mining. Moreover, the company is going through a phase of crisis management, so the candidate getting hired should know all the tactics necessary for running the company in this situation. Qualification Qualification of the candidate presents a set of criteria to lay success for the employee and easily verified. The degree of high school and college will help in giving a guarantee of the level of education with written as well as oral communication skills. A technical degree will give recognition of professional qualification of the candidate. A postgraduate degree will be identifying the candidate with some special qualities. Only particular educational qualification will be recognizing the required qualification for the level of education. In few of the cases where a candidate does not have many qualifications will have certain specific skills which will be becoming the selection criteria for the candidates (Purce,2014). Experience Experience of the candidates will be depicting the application of education and skills in a practical way. The candidate with experience will have certainly had some extra and unique feature than the fresher. The mining company has culture and value, so candidates hired to have those qualities which will help to run the company in a better way. Hiring candidates after placing particular experience in the relevant field with the matching background will help in running companies working environment and culture. So, hiring an experienced candidate will be beneficial for the company (McPhail et al.,2012). Hiring of candidate should be done in effective ways, which are given as follows: Step 1: Identify the hirer It is very important for the recruiter to hire a right candidate. Identifying the kind of candidate to be hired will help in avoiding miscommunication and confusion among the recruiter, employee, and manager in the organization. This will be including the designation and skills and role from various department as well the expectation for the candidates (Furusawa Brewster,2016). Step 2: Defining the parameters for evaluating candidate Evaluation involve defining the criteria for and details of which are given below: Basic necessity like location or structure of the previous company. Throwing light to the necessary skills like non-technical or technical. Further evaluating parameter like autonomy, communication skills, and decision making criteria. Defining two to three extra parameters which will be putting weight on the other qualified candidate in the same field, which will become easy for the recruiter for hiring the perfect candidate. Step 3: Defining the process of interview This will be including the various step that will be needed for hiring the candidate with interview process are given as follows: Screening Screening will be done by two people who are recruiter and hiring manager. Skill test This step may or may not occur if candidate applying for the post are huge in number, then this step can take place. This step is nothing but one of the way of screening the candidates (Tonks,2012). Interview In this interview will be arranged in various ways for ensuring the right candidate to be hired. To make the right candidate to be hired will be included in this division: Whether the candidate is culturally fit or not. Whether the candidate is working in the team or not. Whether the candidate will be honestly fulfilling his/her duty in the organization. HR round This will be the final round where one-on-one with the hiring manger is taking place. In this phase, the HR Manager will be totally opening the door of expectation from the company towards him. A comfortable environment needs to be created for fulfilling the expectation of the company (Nguyen et al.,2015). Figure 2 Recruitment Process Source: (Armstrong Taylor 2014) Recommendation The company should move forward to have a global look at the performance management system, and objectives of the company should be fulfilled with the help of strategic initiatives. If the company has learned all the above process, then it will on the verge of knowing all the secrets of the company. A senior executive is the contacting person with the customers and making connection with the company. Senior executive helps the company in managing account ownership issues of the company. The hiring process of the candidate is one of the creative methods, which needs a lot of work, trust, and equality. The basic structure of hiring will be remaining same for all kind of candidates getting hired in the organization. Only change in the process in the step of final interview. Creation of proper hiring structure will be just breezing the entire process of hiring and interviewing the candidate. Conclusion The report has clearly improved knowledge and skills in the field of strategic human resources management, motivation and performance management, organizational design, organizational behavior and culture, and ethics. As HR executive of the company, the decision has been given based on the interrelated scenarios of the company. The first case is based on introducing performance management for motivating staff of the given location and the how initiative will be proposed for moving forward with the decision. In the second case, the issue is with the isolated location which is operating as single entity, and there is very less staff rotation among them. Due to the economic crisis and rising impact of ISIS presence in the Middle East, some executives were living the onsite location. So, by that solution has been given. In the third case selection criteria, structure, format, and functions need to be discussed for rewarding the team of the crisis management under for managing the team of gaping emerges in the individual site. Finally, on the overall basis recommendation has been given. Reference list Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Ball, D., Geringer, M., Minor, M., McNett, J. (2012).International business. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Bennett, J. M., Ho, D. S. (2014). Human resource management. InPROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ENGINEERS(pp. 231-249). Berman, E.M., Bowman, J.S., West, J.P. and Van Wart, M.R., 2015.Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Sage Publications. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Budhwar, P. S., Debrah, Y. A. (Eds.). (2013).Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Dunning, J. H. (2012).International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). Routledge. Furusawa, M., Brewster, C. (2016). IHRM and expatriation in Japanese MNCs: HRM practices and their impact on adjustment and job performance.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. Griffin, R. W., Pustay, M. W. (2012).International business. Pearson Higher Ed. Hendry, C. (2012).Human resource management. Routledge. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), 1264-1294. Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H., Valentine, S. R., Meglich, P. (2016).Human resource management. Nelson Education. McPhail, R., Fisher, R., Harvey, M., Moeller, M. (2012). Staffing the global organization:Cultural nomads.Human Resource Development Quarterly,23(2), 259-276. Nel, P.S., Werner, A., Botha, C., Du Plessies, A., Mey, M., Ngalo, O., Poisat, P. and Van Hoek, L., 2014.Human resources management. Oxford University Press Southern Africa. Nguyen, L. D., Kass, D., Mujtaba, B. G., Tran, Q. H. (2015). Cross culture management: An examination on task, relationship and work overload stress orientations of German and Japanese working adults.American International Journal of Social Science,4(1), 51-63. Oke, L. (2016). Human Resources Management.International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS)? ISSN 2356-5926,1(4), 376-387. Purce, J. (2014). The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Snell, S. A., Morris, S. S., Bohlander, G. W. (2015).Managing human resources. Nelson Education. Stahl, G. K., Bjrkman, I., Morris, S. (Eds.). (2012).Handbook of research in international human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing. Tonks, D. (2012). In what ways have the staffing trends of expatriates changed and how valuable are they to MNCs?. Whetzel, D. L., Wheaton, G. R. (Eds.). (2016).Applied measurement: industrial psychology in human resources management. Routledge.

All About the Economics of Interest

All About the Economics of Interest What is Interest?: Interest, as defined by economists, is the income earned by the lending of a sum of money. Often the amount of money earned is given as a percentage of the sum of money lent - this percentage is known as the interest rate. More formally, the Glossary of Economics Terms defines the interest rate as the yearly price charged by a lender to a borrower in order for the borrower to obtain a loan. This is usually expressed as a percentage of the total amount loaned. Interest Types and Types of Interest Rates: Not all types of loans earn the same rate of interest. Ceteris paribus (all else being equal), loans of longer duration and loans with more risk (that is, loans that are less likely to be paid off) are associated with higher interest rates. The article Whats the Difference Between all the Interest Rates in the Newspaper? discusses the different variety of interest rates. What Determines the Interest Rate?: We can think of the interest rate as being a price - the price to borrow a sum of money for a year. Like almost all other prices in our economy, it is determined by the twin forces of supply and demand. Here supply refers to the supply of loanable funds in an economy, and demand is the demand for loans. Central banks, such as the Federal Reserve and the Bank of Canada can influence the supply of loanable funds in a country by increasing or decreasing the supply of money. To learn more about the money supply see: Why does money have value? and Why Dont Prices Decline During A Recession? Interest Rates That Are Adjusted for Inflation: When determining whether or not to loan money, one needs to consider the fact that prices go up over time - what costs $10 today may cost $11 tomorrow. If you loan at a 5% interest rate, but prices rise 10% you will have less purchasing power by making the loan. This phenomenon is discussed in Calculating and Understanding Real Interest Rates. Interest Rates - How Low Can They Go?: In all likelihood we will never see a negative nominal (non-inflation adjusted) rate of interest, though in 2009 the idea of negative interest rates became popular as a possible way to stimulate the economy - see Why Not Negative Interest Rates?. These would be difficult to implement in practice. Even an interest rate of exactly zero would cause problems, as discussed in the article What Happens if Interest Rates Go To Zero?

Electroplating works Essays

Electroplating works Essays Electroplating works Paper Electroplating works Paper This research was found from a website that gave the process of electroplating and how it works.  It basically explains what electroplating is and what its function is in the process of electroplating. A section from this website gives detail parts of how electroplating works:  Electroplating is the deposition of a metallic coating onto an object by putting a negative charge onto the object and immersing it into a solution, which contains a salt of the metal to be deposited. The metallic ions of the salt carry a positive charge and are attracted to the part with a negative charge. When they reach it, the negatively charged part provides the electrons to reduce the positively charged ions to metallic form This research explains how electroplating works on a small scale and how it does its job of coating the component with a layer of metal.  Below is the description of how electrolysis works. This process is identical to the electroplating but the electrolysis process is in a small scale, as shown below in the diagram  The information below gives a brief description of electroplating nickel from start to finish. Imagine that we have an object that is made of copper or steel, and that it has been properly cleaned, and that we now want to plate it with nickel. A wire is attached to the object, and the other end of the wire is attached to the negative pole of a battery (the wire is blue in this picture). To the positive pole of the battery we connect the red wire; the other end of the red wire we connect to a rod made of nickel. Now we fill the cell with a solution of a salt of the metal to be plated. It is theoretically possible to use a molten salt, and in rare cases that are done, but most of the time the salt is simply dissolved in water. The NiCl2 ionises in water to Ni++ and two parts of Cl-, because the object to be plated is negatively charged, it attracts the positively charged Ni++. The Ni++ reaches the object, and electrons flow from the object to the Ni++. For each atom of Ni++, 2 electrons are required to neutralize it or reduce it to metallic form. This information explains how nickel is plated onto a raw component. It describes how the raw component that is being electroplated is attached to the cathode (negative part) in the circuit. The anode is just the positive part in the circuit and is not attached to anything apart from the solution  After the attachment of the component there is a salt of nickel chloride NiCl2 in the solution. This will dissolve to form ions, Ni++ and Cl-. The nickel ions will be attracted to the cathode, which has the raw component e.q. steel, thus coating the metal on the cathode part with nickel. The chloride ions will then be attracted to the positive part, anode and therefore the process is complete. The reason that nickel is attracted to the raw component is because the cathode, containing the raw component has a negative charge and the nickel has a positive charge and therefore opposite attract.  Section 3, analysis of information and conclusions  Research piece 2, secondary information  This research describes how electroplating works and what types of electroplates are available. Electroplating is the electrochemical process of depositing a metallic coating on the base material of an object when it is immersed in a plating solution in such a manner that a suitable low voltage electric current flows through it, causing the metallic coating to be attracted to the object to be plated. Electroplated finishes, including:  Chrome plating, Copper plating, Nickel plating, Sliver plating, Zinc plating brass plating, cadmium plating, chromium plating, hard chromium plating, gold plating, tin plating and zinc plating. The description of electroplating is the same as the research in research 1, but this research has the types of coating available.  Research piece 3, secondary information  This research was obtained from a website that gave relevant information on what a metal finish and what electroplating is.  WHAT IS METAL FINISHING?  Metal finishing is the process of changing the surface of an object; for the purpose of improving its appearance and/or durability. A metal finish is the altering or changing of the surface by a process, to improve the appearance and the resistance of the metal.  ELECTROPLATING  Electroplating is an electrochemical process used to deposit a metallic coating on the base material of an object by immersing it in an electrically charged solution so that a suitable low voltage electric current flows through it, causing the metallic coating to be attracted to the object being plated. Electroplating is a process to coat a raw component with a layer of metal to protect it from corrosion and other factors. It also helps to improve the appearance and function of the raw component.  Question 1, Primary information  This information was obtained from an interview, which took place at the electroplating company by the manger or head employee.  This information gives the relevance of electroplating and how it does it function. The information describes the technique used to coat the raw component with the metal. The process of electroplating is similar to that of electrolysis. The electroplating process involves raw components being coated with a layer of metal so that it can give it a protective and decorative finish depending on what raw material is being used. For example electroplating a steel component with chrome to give it a decorative finish rather than protective finish.  From this research the raw component used to electroplate is usually steel. What this shows is that steel need to be protected from factors such as corrosion by being electroplated, so this means that electroplating steel will be beneficial because it protects it from factors. Section 3, analysis of information and conclusions  Research piece 4, primary information  This is a photograph of the electroplated produced. It has been electroplated with zinc. The raw component used was steel. The reason this material has been electroplated with zinc is because it is highly resistant to corrosion and protects it from damage. The effectiveness of the coating of this raw component is to protect it from corrosion. It does this by forming a layer of metal, which is highly resistance that does not let the inner metal be exposed to factors.  The quality control that is kept to insure this product has no faults is a member of staff that checks the items once they have been electroplated. If there is a fault in the electroplated product it will have to go thought the whole process of electroplating from start to finish again so that all faults are whipped out. The quality assurance of the electroplated products to the user is that it will be made to high standards to insure that quality control has been kept throughout the whole of its process and there have been no faults.  The input of this process is the raw materials, raw component the solutions etc. The process of the electroplated product is being electroplated under conditions that are quality controlled and the output is the quality assured product. Research piece 5, primary information  This is another photograph of an electroplated pr duct that has been electroplated with black zinc on a steel component. The effectiveness of this is to keep it protected from major facts such as rust, corrosion. This is because it may be used for purposes that may have factors that can damage the inner metal so thus it is coated in a better metal. The quality control over this product is to keep it fault free. It does this by checking each electroplated product to insure it is not damages in anyway. Once it has been approved that it is fault free it is quality assured and the products then sold or given back to the company that asked for it to be electroplated.  The input is the raw material, raw component, and solutions of zinc. The process is to coat the raw component with a layer of metal to protect it from major factors like corrosion. The output is the electroplated product with no faults.

COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS - Essay Example This definition regards health to be a holistic concept that integrates physical, psychological, cultural, and social aspects. Primary health care (PHC) is the new paradigm upon which attainment of holistic health goals has become possible. Public health care rests on attainment of good health through community empowerment, coordination, prevention, and health education (Funnell, Koutoukidis, and Karen, 2008). Therefore, Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion-1986 and Alma-Ata Declaration-1978, have become frameworks upon which PHC builds and operates. Health assessment and diagnosis is part of primary health care, and this is vital specifically in designing, packaging, and implementing health care programs and policies. Therefore, a thorough understanding of health assessment and diagnosis is generally important as formidable foundation to attainment of good primary health care program or policy. Community Health Assessment In order to have a thorough understanding of the community, community assessment has become one way of understanding and conceptualizing community. Vollman, Anderson, and McFarlane (2007) describe community assessment as an organized, orderly, and logical process that involves coordinated attempts to understand a particular community. The role of community assessment cannot be ignored by any professional, since community assessment is associated with desire to identify desirable and undesirable factors that influence the health wellbeing of people in the community. At the same time, Hancock and Minkler (1997) ascertain that community health assessment plays role in generating information for change and subsequent empowerment (cited in Vollman, Anderson, and McFarlane, 2007). Community-as-Partner Model The model is based on Neuman’s model of total-person approach, which identifies (Anderson and McFarlane, 2010). Initially, the model was created as community-as-client model to i llustrate the need for public health nursing but was later renamed community-as-partner model to reflect aspects of primary health care (Anderson and McFarlane, 2010). The model integrates and reflects aspects of systems models whereby, different parts interrelate and function in unity but the larger (whole) system is considered greater than the sub-sets systems. The model integrates the four aspects of nursing - person, environment, health, and nursing. Community-as-partner model builds on two major factors ingrained in the model: community as partner, and the utilization of nursing process to work among community people (Anderson and McFarlane, 2010). Community assessment wheel Source: Anderson and McFarlane, 2010 As the model can depict, key concepts of the model include community core, eight interacting community subsystems, community stressors, and boundaries, which have been named as normal level of defense, flexible line of defense, and lines of resistances (Lundy and Janes, 2009). Core constitutes community people with their values, beliefs, and history, and in turn, the core influences and it is influenced by the eight inter-related subsystems. The subsystems include physical environment, education, safety and transportation, politics and governance, health and social services, communication, economics, and recreation (Lundy and Janes, 2009). Apart from carrying out assessment on these two aspects, community nurse is further required to conduct assessment of current stressors that largely make the community experience tension, normal level of d

RadioShack Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

RadioShack Corporation - Case Study Example With stiff competition in the market and emergence of newer technologies, margins of the company are under pressure as of now, but the company has not yet given up. Its product line include wireless telephones and communication devices such as scanners and two-way radios; flat panel televisions, residential telephones, DVD players, computers and direct-to-home ('DTH') satellite systems; home entertainment, wireless, imaging and computer accessories; general and special purpose batteries; wire, cable and connectivity products; and digital cameras, radio-controlled cars and other toys, satellite radios and memory players. RadioShack also provides third-party services such as wireless telephone and DTH satellite activation, satellite radio service, prepaid wireless airtime and extended service plans to its customers (Datamonitor, 2007, 5). RadioShack started off in 1921 with a one-store retail and mail order operation in the heart of the downtown Boston when two brothers, Theodore and Milton Deutschmann pooled their efforts. The name "RadioShack," was arrived at after considering the most useful radio technology at that time i.e. the shipping radio signals2. RadioShack signifies the small, wooden structure which housed a ship's radio equipment. Therefore, it was thought that the name would be appropriate for a store that would supply the needs of radio officers aboard ships, as well as "ham" radio operators. Gradually, the store started becoming quite a useful one in the Northeast, and became a leading electronics mail-order distributor to hobbyists. And it continued to fulfill the needs of the amateur radio operators and other radio enthusiasts for couple of decades. The company also issued its first catalog in early 1940s, considered a luxury till that time. It opened its first audio comparator showroom for customer s to view audio equipment in 1947. Same year, the company started visualizing the opportunity in the hi-fi equipment market and entered the high-fidelity market with the nations' first audio store in 1947. This store provided comparisons of speakers, amplifiers, turntables and phonograph cartridges. In the mid-1950s, RadioShack began selling its own private-label product line with the Realistic brand name, a variation of Realist, which had been used earlier3. The store chain kept growing in strength and by the early 1960s it had nine retails stores and a mail-order business under its name. Soon, it was a leading distributor of electronic parts and products to do-it-yourselfers around the world. Sooner thereafter, the company started feeling the pinch when the company's some of the poor operating practices took its toll and it fell on hard times. The company was later purchased by Charles Tandy, a successful entrepreneur in leather business, in 1963 for the equivalent of $300,000 cas h. And the dwindling fortunes of the company started looking up once again when Charles Tandy turned out a plan of action for the newly acquired business. Tandy opened RadioShack stores in Australia, Belgium, France, Germany and Holland in 1969. RadioShack sold its first electronic calculator in the year 1972. Subsequently in early 1970s, Tandy Corporation started wrapping up its leather business to concentrate on radio equipment only. By 1975 it became exclusively an electronics company after it spun off all other operations into Tandycrafts and Tandy Brands4. In 1986,

Whole Life Cycle Costing Application Barriers Construction Essay

Whole Life Cycle Costing Application Barriers Construction Essay Ellingham and Fawcett (2006, p. 18) indicate that the net present value method for evaluating an investment cashflow was first developed about 50 years ago and is widely used in many spheres. In property and construction projects it has acquired a special name: whole-life costing. In fact, whole-life costing is simply the application of net present value analysis to construction projects. Most people will confused about the term of life-cycle costing, whole life costing, and whole life-cycle costing. As stated in Boussabaine and Kirkham study (2004, p. 4), prior to the 1970s, investment decisions made by most clients, developers and professionals was solely on the basis of capital cost. It appear a thought that spending more in capital cost will realize substantial cost savings in long term compared with a cheaper alternative, which we known as terotechnology. This concept was largely ignored because the lack of available data and collection mechanisms, and it shown that investor had no interest in the subsequent operational cost of the building. In the early 1970s, the term cost-in-use appear in the industry. It was recognized the concept of cost in use could apply to building and critical structures as to calculate the expenditure related to the operation of an asset. However, it also failed to consider the necessity for accurate future cost forecasting. It required some kind of technology to facilitate this problem (Boussabaine and Kirkham, 2004, p. 5). Until the mid to late 1970s, life-cycle costing emerged as a solution to this problem. It fostered a wide-ranging approach to cost appraisal, encompassing all perceivable cost from construction through to eventual disposal the whole life. By using a variety of forecasting techniques, the analyst was able to demonstrate how increase capital cost could be offset by long-term cost savings (Boussabaine and Kirkham, 2004, p. 5). As stated by Ashworth (1989), LCC is clearly a technique, which (at least in theory) has a potential for the correct financial evaluation of construction works. In should be noted that the concepts of LCC are not new. The principles are based upon economic theories, which have been used in investment appraisal in many areas of industrial and commercial activity.White and Ostwald (Korpi and Ala-Risku, 2008, p.241) show that LCC was originally designed for procurement purposes in the US Department of Defence and Woodward (Korpi and Ala-Risku, 2008, p.241) indicates that LCC is used most commonly in the military sector as well as in the construction industry. Towards the late 1990s, the concept of whole life costing and whole life-cycle costing emerged. The terms whole life costing and whole life-cycle costing are interchangeable (Boussabaine and Kirkham, 2004, p. 6). Whole life-cycle costing is a relatively new concept to the construction industry. It is essence an evolution of life-cycle costing techniques that are commonly used in many areas of procurement (Boussabaine and Kirkham, 2004, p. 3). Theoretically speaking, there is no different between LCC, WLC and WLCC. Schade (2007, p. 2), in reporting Flanagan and Jewell study, emphasizes that it is just a change of term form cost in use to life cycle costing and further to whole life cycle costing. Problem Statement According to Boussabaine and Kirkham (2004, p. xi), the construction industry has recently experienced a paradigmatic shift in its approach to product deliver and the achievement of customer satisfaction. Where previously the design and construction teams placed a heavy emphasis on delivering buildings at the lowest capital cost, a greater awareness and desire to consider cost over the whole life of the building have prevailed. Clients now want buildings that demonstrate value for money over the long term, and are not interested simply in the design solution which is the least expensive. These changes have lead to and highlighted the important of whole life-cycle costing approaches to the design, construction and operation of buildings. Schade (2007) claims that, production cost is the main cost factor in construction and is often set to the minimum in commonly, which does not necessarily improve the lifetime performance of buildings. Therefore, it is important to show the construction client in the early design phase the relationship between design choices and the resulting lifetime cost. Boussabaine and Kirkham (2004, p. ix) also note that the award of public construction contracts based on simply the lowest capital cost bid is no longer recognized as good practice; best value must be taken into account and thereby WLCC should be fully appraised as part of the decision making process. The research of Swaffield and McDonald (2007, p. 132) identify that contractors quantity surveyors generally did consider LCC when procuring new products/elements for Private Finance Initiative projects, but in certain circumstances, such as during exceptionally busy times or when working within tight construction budgets, LCC were not considered and procurement decisions for some product/elements were made on the basis of lowest capital cost. As Byron A. Ellis (2007, p.1) said, Designers, engineers and constructors are under pressure from owners to minimize total project cost. Unfortunately, many owners do not understand the concept of total project cost. As a result, they seek to minimize acquisition (first) cost. Economists Alchian and Allen (Byron, 2007, p.1) argue that the term cost should never be used by itself; they noted that it should always be identified with total, average, or marginal. According to Fischer et al (Tah and Aouad, 2007), although the significance of LCC has been recognized as early as 1980s, the current implementation has not been very satisfied due to two major barriers: first barrier is the historical data of building operation and maintenance. Second barrier is the complexity of the procedures and algorithms of calculating the LCC. For example, a building concern thousands of elements and construction method and maintenance activities. A simple change in the building material might take long hours of recalculations, it is therefore difficult to assist users to manipulate the large design and LCC analysis. However, even the idea of WLCC analysis is to help the owner to examine a economically alternative, there will always have the possibility of misleading the decision making by the error result of WLCC due to lack of data or unpredictable changes. There have no such as 100% accuracy for WLCC analysis because the limitation of forecast ability of human being are impossible to forecast everything that could be happen in future. This paper addresses the problems above by providing a detail discussion of WLCC for assisting and simplifying the application of the technique based on the WLCC in construction industry. At the same time reveal the popularity of application of WLCC in Malaysian construction industry. Aim To identified the barriers of applying whole life-cycle costing and investigate the popularity of implementation of whole life-cycle costing in Malaysian construction industry Objectives To review the important of usage of whole life-cycle costing in construction industry. To identify the barriers of application of whole-life cycle costing in construction industry. To analyse the factors affecting the accuracy of whole-life cycle costing. To investigate the popularity of application of whole-life cycle costing in Malaysian construction industry. Scope of Study The concept of Whole life-cycle costing (WLCC) can be use as many sector, to narrow the scope of study, the study will only be focus on the construction industries. Besides that, case study would not conduct to the project for the calculation of WLCC because it will be extremely difficult to obtain the large quantity of information across the long term of a building life cycle and data such as the project operation and maintenance cost, replacement cost, disposal cost could be confidential to its owners. Thus, to manually collect this data has to be very costly and time consuming and the missing of any result above will cause inaccurate of result. This study will focus on reviewing the important of application of WLCC into construction industry. The first issue to be study in deep is the discussion on the principles, advantages and purposes of WLCC analysis. The second issue is to identify the error and the difficulties of applying WLCC due to lack of necessary information and unpred ictable changes. The third issue is to do a research on the understanding of WLCC among owners and their frequency of applying WLCC. Research Methodology The methodology should be targeted at a consistent whole life-cycle costing (WLCC) approach and calculations and should not be aimed at reducing costs but at making more informed and consistent economic, financial and environmental decisions. The study was conducting in four stages. The first phase is the literature review. Second phase will be interview pilot study to the issue. Third phase will be constructing questionnaires. The last phase is to writing the research report. First stage: The literature review started with the important of application of WLCC and required data for a WLCC analysis. Searching of article about WLCC and the searching key words would be whole life-cycle costing, whole cycle costing and life-cycle costing. And the information of search will be limited into construction industry to filtered unnecessary information. The main sources for the literature research were databases, such as Emerald, web of science, Google and library of college Tunku Abdul Rahman. Second stage: Data collection will take form of a structured postal questionnaire. However an initial pilot study may be conducted to test the validity of the questionnaire through interviews with relevant parties. Third stage: Questionnaires will be conduct and send to respondent. The main ideas of the questionnaires are to test the owners of understanding about WLCC, and also research on the preferable of low initial cost or low WLCC when owner make decision of choosing alternatives. The questionnaire should be highlighted more prominently, to make it easier for respondents to participate in the final questionnaire survey. Last stage: This stage involves writing up the content of the dissertation and should cover the chapters proposed in the following section. The result of interview and questionnaires will be analysis and conclude. Example of WLCC analysis will provide by searching through media resources and calculate by myself with simple and reality assumption based on the WLCC principles.

Contemporary Issues in The Merchant of Venice Essay -- Merchant of Ven

Contemporary Issues in The Merchant of Venice       Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice is still relevant today because it deals with issues which still affect us. Throughout the play a distinction is made between how things appear and how they are in reality.   The issue of appearance versus reality is demonstrated in varied ways, mainly by the use of real-life situations.   The first representation of this is Shylock's generosity with his money and eagerness to make friends with Antonio when he says, "I say, to buy his favour, I extend this friendship," when all he wants is to take a pound of Antonio's flesh and end his life, "If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him."   Shylock pretends to want to be friends with Antonio, but only wants revenge against the Jew-hater.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The choosing of the three caskets is used as the main explanation of appearance versus reality.   The suitor of Portia must choose either a gold, silver or lead casket, where the right choice will allow the suitor to marry her.   The Prince of Morocco, on choosing the beautiful gold casket with the inscription, "Who chooseth me shall gain what many men desire," sees the message, "All that glisters is not gold," and is thus turned away by Portia.   The Prince of Arragon, on choosing the silver casket with, "Who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves," receives a fool's head, and is told that that is what he deserves.   Bassanio however, on correctly choosing the lead casket with the inscription, "Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath," says, "The world is still (constantly) deceived with ornament."   ... ...actions with one another throughout the play. Appearance versus reality is explored when Shylock pretends to be Antonio's friend, with the choosing of the caskets, and when Portia and Nerissa go to court in disguise to help out Antonio and Bassanio.   Racial discrimination is shown in depth with the confrontations of Antonio and Shylock.   Overall 'The Merchant Of Venice' explores both appearance versus reality and racial prejudice, which are two issues that still hold importance in present-day society.    Works Cited and Consulted    Barnet Sylvan.   "Introduction." The Merchant of Venice Ed. Sylvan Barnet.   New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jersey : Prentice-Hall Inc., 1970.   1-10.    Granville-Barker, Harley.   "The Merchant of Venice.   " Shakespeare Ed. Leonard F. Dean.   Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1947.   37-71.   

Innate vs Learnt Behaviour

In your own words, detail for' and ‘against' arguments with regard to innate and learned behavior. Feel free to include your own opinion, but be sure to Justify It. Try to Include equal amount of Information for both sides. Use at least 500 words for your answer. Answer: The innate verses learnt or nature verses nurture argument is a subject that has been theorized and debated by scientists, psychologists and philosophers for hundreds of years. It Is a question that can be dated back as early as 350 BC where philosophers Plato and Aristotle had different views on whether it was nature or nurture which shaped individual behaviors.Plato believed knowledge and behavior to be innate. He theorized that all knowledge was present at birth and the environment played a unique part in shaping us. In his opinion the environment did not teach us anything we weren't born with and that Its purpose was merely to remind us of Information we already knew. Aristotle on the other hand theorized t hat behavior and knowledge had to be learnt and that we were born as tabular Rasa' or blank slate and our behavior, thoughts and actions were learnt and acquired through experiences.Although nether Plato or Aristotle theories are supported today It Is still debated hat shapes us In the people we become. Is nature or is it nurture? What is innate behavior or viewed as nature? Innate behavior is a fixed, unchangeable, untaught-of, natural behavior, which is instinctive and are born with. Behavior that is inherited or passed on through genes. Things such as reflexes are Innate behavior; a reflex Is an involuntary automatic response to a certain stimulus.Those who believe we are shaped by nature are known as nativities. Examples of innate behavior are the moor or falling reflex, the moor reflex is any sudden movement that affect the baby's neck, giving them the feeling of falling or Ewing dropped. The baby's innate reaction to this is to open their arms out wide, opening up their hands before bringing them back In to their chest almost as if to catch an object. The grasp reflex, whenever an object or fingers touches the palm of a baby's hand they will automatically grasp or grab It.The swallowing and sucking reflex, if you place something, even a finger in to the baby's mouth they will automatically suck and swallow, babies are also known to sometimes suck their fingers or thumbs whilst still in the womb, this is an instinctive reflex, something needed to survive. There are many other reflexes including blinking, breathing, sneezing and coughing. With the ability to instinctively know how to make nests, what is needed to do this and to carry the materials required to do this in their beaks.Sea turtles despite hatching on land instinctively know to head straight for the water and have the ability to swim. A very complex innate behavior can be seen in chickens. Having kept chickens since a child myself vast differences can be seen in battery hens and free range hens . Imagine this battery hens never get the opportunity to see daylight, stretch their inns, take a dust bath or forage in the dirt for worms and bugs, unlike free range hens. Yet on removing hens from the battery and giving them the gift and opportunity of a free range lifestyle, all of the natural instincts return immediately.They have always been there Just merely suppressed. Other more complex innate or instinctive behavior in animals can include hibernation and migration. Learnt behavior on the other hand or nurture is something we are not born with but which we are taught by parents, peers, teachers and can be influenced by social and environmental factors we are exposed to. These behaviors unlike innate behavior are not fixed, but flexible and can be changed at any time. Those who believe it is learnt behavior that shapes us are known as empiricists.Learnt behavior is very complex and can display itself in so many guises and can also vary diversely from one culture to another. Take for example the Europeans and the primitive mammas tribes of Africa. In Europe hunting is considered a sport whereas to the mammas tribes hunting is a necessity and way of life. Without hunting they would not be able to feed, clothe or provide for their families. To them hunting s learnt at a very young age unlike the Europeans who have the convenience of shops and no longer require learning this skill.Learnt behavior can be both good and bad, in the respect that with children a lot of learning is through copying, what they see and listen to and what they are being told about what is going on in their environment surrounding them. The good thing with learnt behavior that if it is bad such as swearing or answering back it can be rectified and changed unlike innate behavior. The body and brain combined are an amazing combination as to how it co-ordinates s, and throughout our lives we will never stop learning. Examples of learnt behavior in children include, walking, talking, lis tening, potty training to mention just a few.Babies usually makes attempts to walk from around 12 – 14 months although prior to this they have already mastered the art to get from one place to another or where they want to be. From 6 months babies may start to shuffle across the room on their bums, or lay on their front with their legs in the air trying to work out how to crawl. From 9 months babies are able to wriggle along the floor on their tummies or even rail, and by 12 months they are making attempts to walk and may even be able to when holding someone's hand. Rods are said and pronounced around them. The path to talking begins as early as 2 – 4 months when babies start to make ooh and ah sounds of pleasure. Between months 4 and 9 babies start cooing and babbling, then from 9 months they begin to point to things and vocalism with some meaning although the pronunciations is not quite there yet, by 12 – 18 months single words begin to emerge with some clarit y words such as mama or dada. Then from 18 – 24 months basic phrases and ententes start to develop with sayings like teddy gone'?From 24 months sentences begin to emerge with real meaning instead of teddy gone' it becomes Where's teddy gone'. Finally from 4 years onwards children have the same language comprehension as an adult although with basic and limited vocabulary. Some children by this age are also bilingual having parents of a different nationality are able to speak English and a foreign language having been used t hearing it during the formative years. Hearing is developmental milestone that begins whilst babies are still in the womb.From around 24 weeks gestation babies have the ability to hear sounds in the outside world, by 32 weeks they will have the ability to recognize a piece of music and move around to the beat, they are also likely to recognize the piece of music after birth. This is how we learn to listen by hearing things over and over again and through li stening to noises and people talking. Many learnt skills as a child are achieved by repetition. Although this all looks quite simple and clear cut there are problems with viewing behavior as either innate or learnt.It is relatively easy to view a singular aspect of a arson's behavior as either innate or learnt for example, hearing is innate and listening is learnt, but it would be impossible to categories a person as a whole as either innate or learnt. The main problem with trying to view behavior as either one or the other is that there are no specific scientific tests which can be carried out, and it would be practically impossible to set up such tests as people's perceptions of things are different.This would create different test results with one person viewing one thing and in the others professional opinion it could be completely different. There is also he fact that it would be seen as unethical to test such things. It has in previous years been attempted to research identica l twins, although being identical and having the same upbringing, they are unable to account for environmental and social factors, as these may be different for both of them. One spending time with one group of people going to one set of places and areas.Whilst the other twin who has a completely different group of friends, going to other places. You would also have to bear in mind the media factors the people are exposed to such as television, radio, gaming stations, the internet. It would therefore make it ritually impossible to agree whether it was nature or nurture that shaped them as individuals. Shapes us in our development from infant t o adulthood along with environmental and social factors all playing a part.Social factors may include one parent families, adopters, or where you are brought up. It is also my belief that many media factors also have a hand in what we learn things as mentioned earlier like television, internet, gaming machines, mobile phones, music, and mobile phones. I also think the social dynamics of the family also play a part too depending on what sort of upbringing you have, and who or what you learning from.